Meeting Report On Inclination And Food - 1124 Words

†¢ Mac Evilly C and Kelly C. Meeting report on Inclination and Food . Nourishment Bulletin 26 (no 4), December 2001. †¢ Margetts BM, Thompson RL, Speller V and McVey D (1998) Factors which impact sound eating designs: results from the 1993 Health Education Authority wellbeing and way of life study in England. General Health Nutrition 1(3): 193-198. †¢ Nestle M, Wing R, Birch L, DiSogra L, Drewnowski An, Arbor A, Middleton S, Sigman-Grant M, Sobal J, Winston M, Economos C (1998) Behavioral and social impacts on sustenance decision. Nourishment Reviews 56(5): S50-S64. †¢ Oliver G, Wardle J (1999) Perceived impacts of weight on sustenance decision. Physiol Behav 66: 511-515. †¢ Paisley L, Lloyd HM, Sparks P and Mela DJ (1995) Consumer view of dietary changes for diminishing fat admission. Nourishment Research 15: 1755-1766. †¢ Patterson RE, Kristal AR, Glanz K et al. (1997) Components of the functioning admirably trial mediation connected with selection of invigorating eating regimens. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 13: 271-6. †¢ Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC and Norcross JC (1992) looking for how individuals change: Applications to addictive practices. American Psychology 47: 1102-1114. †¢ Rosenstock IM (1966). Why individuals use wellbeing administrations. Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 44, 94-94. †¢ Snyder MP, Story M and Trenkner LL (1992) Reducing fat and sodium in school lunch programs: the LUNCHPOWER! Intercession Study. Diary of the American DieteticShow MoreRelatedAnalyzing Market Trends And Developments1540 Words   |  7 PagesInterpret market trends and developments From: eswarripradha0607@gmail.com To: ling@barklycollege.com Subject: Analysing the market report for TOP Take Away Restaurant Dear Ling, Referring to the matter, kindly find this email with the report of market analysis for your further review. Kindly drop comments for any areas that need to be improve. Thank You. Kind regards, EswarriPradha Assessment Task 2: Project – Market analysis Introduction Restaurant businesses has always been known to be a competitiveRead MoreImmanuel Kant s Ethical Theory1111 Words   |  5 Pagesunethical based on one duty. Kantian ethics theory includes duty for the sake of duty regardless to human happiness, unlike utilitarianism. Immanuel Kant defined duty as â€Å"the action which is objectively practical according to this law and excludes inclination from its determining grounds is called duty† (Kant, 1956, p. 83). According to Kant, all acts have a maxim. Maxim is a rule or principle. He mentions, â€Å"So act that the maxim of your will could always hold at the same time as principle establishingRead MoreCross Culture Platform And Heritage Theme Essay1466 Words   |  6 Pages18 Customer for lodging and restaurant will have 70 people seating capacity. 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Rather than addressing these issues individually, IHCDA seized the opportunity to develop a much broader working group of advocates and experts that are connected to housing and community development in Indiana. AfterRead More Slow Food Essay1656 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Slow Food Movement has existed since the 1970’s but has recently been thrusted into the fore front of prominent world issues as the cause and remedy of environmental challenges, local economic circumstances, and the complexities with social norms. The Slow Food Movement can be considered a counter-trend to Fast food. It was created in response to the augmentation of fast food a culture, the diminishment of people caring where the food comes from, and the diminishment of local food traditionsRead MoreCounter-Cultures and Advertising1268 Words   |  5 Pagesdemonstrations and riots encircling the meeting of the World Trade Organization in Seattle, consumer protests against genetically customized foods, along with the consumption of the internet as a means of connecting varied organizations of consumer activists (Holt 326). In spite of the insufficient unique attention set aside for counter-culture in latest marketing literature, there was much discourse of targeted challenges, for example the colonizing inclinations of consumer culture consumer resilienceRead MoreThe Business World A Crisis1406 Words   |  6 PagesThe business crisis examined here would be included under the second example. In 1993, the Pepsi Corporation confronted a crisis that began with a case of hypodermic syringes being found in one of its product lines, Diet Pepsi. After this initial report the complaints of more syringes began to come in. Within a few days claims of findings such as pins, syringes, cocaine vials and even a bullet had spread from the West coast to the East. Because this was following the Sudafed tampering case thatRead MoreCase Study On Corporate Social Responsibility Essay2367 Words   |  10 PagesEnvironmental Responsibility: 6 The social responsibility of Nestlà ©: 6 Water consumption and energy: 6 Human rights questions: 7 Roles of stakeholders: 7 Conclusion: 7 References 8 Introduction: Nestlà © s largest food and beverage creations of the world. It is one of the largest food and nutrition company among the 190 countries worldwide. Nestlà © was founded by Henry Nestlà © in 1867. The company headquarters is located in Switzerland. In a short period of Nestlà © developed very fast with various productsRead MoreUnit 208 Support Children And Young People S Health And Safety3511 Words   |  15 Pagesand out of danger but also the staff within the school too. The staff also need to know what they need to do in order to keep themselves and the children safe from any dangers they could/ may find around the school the school. They are required to report any hazards they find to the relevant person, follow the schools safety policy, make sure that their actions do not harm themselves or others, use any safety equipment provided and ensure all equipment is safe and appropriate. The school by law isRead MoreAn Exercise Of An Online Networking Apparatus2030 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction to the report: Buffer App is a fabulous apparatus to timetable tweets and offer you some assistance with managing the substance that you put out to your Twitter stream. It likewise works for Facebook, and now LinkedIn also. Not just does it permit you to all the while post to both spots, it likewise offers you some assistance with scheduling these messages to go at simply the opportune time to have the full impact you need. As an online networking apparatus, Buffer is exceptionally

Feminist Criticism Of Susan Glaspell s Trifles

The feminist theory is always adapting to new cultural and always changing. What stems from the feminism theory is feminist literary criticism â€Å"feminist criticism examines the ways in which literature (and other cultural productions) reinforces or undermines the economic, political, social, and psychological oppression of women† (Critical Theory Today, 4 Feminist Criticism, pg. 79 Tyson, Louis). This theory shows us how patriarchal our society is and that’s how Susan Glaspell’s shows her work in her life time where women only had a few roles. They were to have house chores done, cook, and reproduce. Women in the early twentieth century felt it is time to stand up against patriarchal oppressions and which is why Glaspell’s work critiques the society we live in for restricting women. One of her most famous dramas, â€Å"Trifles†, Glaspell showed the females capability to stand up for one another. Gender issues play a role in everyday society, op pressing women economically, politically, socially, and psychologically. Glaspell tries to even explain through the title the feminism analyst as you read through her drama. As common as it is for a title of a story reflects the moral of the story, that’s what Gaspell did for â€Å"Trifles†. Trifles meaning very little value, or irrelevant becomes the moral of the playing displaying the women’s purpose and evidence was irrelevant and not important. The story tells how Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale who was only brought along with sheriff to retrieveShow MoreRelatedSusan Glaspell s Trifles 1732 Words   |  7 PagesSusan Glaspell (1876-1948) was an American-born Pulitzer Prize winning writer of both plays and fiction. Glaspell came from humble beginnings and went on to study at Drake University and the University of Chicago. Much of Glaspell s work dealt with the relationships between men and women and the negative effects they have on women. In Glaspell s play Trifles, it is revealed that the operations of patriarchy are just an illusion that men have created to make themselves feel superior to womenRead MoreThe Bone Of Conflict For Criticism On Feminism2546 Words   |  11 PagesEstenes Professor Hayward English 151-DL1 5/13/17 The Trifles of Feminism Criticism Introduction The bone of conflict for criticism on feminism s activist hypothesis is focused on the treatment of ladies living in a patriarchal society. Feminism s activists brought up issues regarding why women were being constrained into a place of subordination, and their problems took a gander at with minimal significance. Susan Glaspell s story Trifles portrays the predicament of ladies and their subordinationRead More Gender Stereotypes in Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House and Susan Glaspells Trifles 1836 Words   |  8 PagesGender Stereotypes in Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House and Susan Glaspells Trifles In the plays A Dolls House, by Henrik Ibsen, and Trifles, by Susan Glaspell, the male characters propagate stereotypes and make assumptions concerning the female characters. These assumptions deal with the way in which the male characters see the female characters, on a purely stereotypical, gender-related level. The stereotypes and assumptions made in A Dolls House are manifest in the way Torvald Helmer treatsRead MoreDrama Essay Trifles2158 Words   |  9 PagesAngel Parrett Professor Muller English 106/ Drama Essay 15 May 2006 Drama Essay Trifles Trifles, Susan Glaspell’s play written in 1916, reveal concerns of women living in a male dominated society. Glaspell communicates the role that women were expected to play in late 19th century society and the harm that can come of it to women, as well as men. The feminist agenda of Trifles was made obvious, in order to portray the lives of all women who live oppressed under male domination. John andRead MoreGender Roles in the Play Trifles Essay3006 Words   |  13 Pagesdifferent viewpoints in which stem from feminist movements, comparing reality with media, and media’s influence on its audience. Gender roles have been present for decades, and the everlasting struggle for equality between men and women has been a never ending battle still to this day. Although there has been quite a lot of success for women dealing with equality, there was not always a perfect balance in the household for gender roles. It began in the 1950’s when women began to break free of the

Open System Approach Healthy and Effective Government

Question: Describe about the Open System Approach for Healthy and Effective Government. Answer: Introduction As it is very well-known that federal agencies are the units of Government designed to meet specific purposes such as managing various resources, checking on financial transactions of industries and dealing with security issues of the country. It is an administrative division that serves the federal government across the legislative, executive, and various other branches. Department of Defense is an administrative body that usually supports the executive branch to implement the public policies. The most important function of the agency is to put the policies into execution and work on its exceptional details (McNamara 2005). The agency is a hierarchal organization staffed with specialized people with great expertise. It helps in the economic and financial regulation of the economy, thereby, is a prominent part of the government as well as of the country. Open Systems Model An open system refers to a system which is more transparent and fair in nature and exchanges and interchanges feedback and information with its external environment. There are a variety of political, legal, economic, societal, ecological and technological factors that influences and affects the organization (Meier, Polinard and Wrinkle 1999). Department of Defense Department of Defense is one of the important component of federal agencies. It tries to implement the use of open system approach to most of its services, institutions, and agencies. The department is applying the open system architecture in its most of the business process, and technical practices so that it can produce systems that are interoperable and that can be reused to create effective outputs. Most importantly, it is working on its software architecture to make the best use of open system model in order to ensure the benefits to national security as well as to the public (Smith and Meier 1994). The open system architecture in department of defense will help in achieving the basic objectives of economic efficiency and ease of integration. Image retrieved from URL link: (https://image.slidesharecdn.com/omg-uml-profile-for-the4686/95/omg-uml-profile-for-the-3-728.jpg?cb=1275974357) This theory identifies that the organizations and the environment form an interchangeable relationship which means the organizations receives information from its environment, analyzes and adjusts its internal operations and finally it should transmit and exchange the necessary and needed information to the external environment which creates an open system. The department is focused to work on its software and technological structure in order to develop a more enhanced and safe environment. This approach, on the other hand, tends to be very dynamic and unpredictable and has a specific set of boundaries and it follows the principle of equifinality which suggests that there is more than one process of performing a task for the achievement of the same output (Willems 2007). Conclusion The open system approach is very essential to form a healthy and effective government. It is very well remembered that President Obama promised to establish the standard for transparency in his administration when he was newly appointed though he had been unable to do so but still there is an approach and belief in transparent system. On the basis of this study, it has also been clear that the environment plays the vital role in the formulation of this theory. Therefore, it is noted that the open end system is the key to make the government of the country more reliable and trustworthy (Boerbaitz 2011). References Boerbaitz, Brendan. 2011. "Book Review: The Blame Game: Spin, Bureaucracy, And Self-Preservation In Government".Policy Perspectives18 (1). doi:10.4079/pp.v18i0.9361. Clingermayer, James C. 2004. "Presidents And The Politics Of Agency Design: Political Insulation In The United States Government Bureaucracy, 19461997".Perspectives On Politics2 (02). doi:10.1017/s1537592704510976. McNamara, Carter. 2005.Field Guide To Consulting And Organizational Development. Minneapolis, MN: Authenticity Consulting. Meier, Kenneth J., J.L. Polinard, and Robert D. Wrinkle. 1999.Politics, Bureaucracy, And Farm Credit. Ebook. 1st ed. Public Administration Review. Smith, Kevin B. and Kenneth J. Meier. 1994.Politics, Bureaucrats, And Schools. Ebook. 1st ed. Public Administration Review. Willems, Jan. 2007. "The Behavioral Approach To Open And Interconnected Systems".IEEE Control Syst. Mag.27 (99): x1-x1. doi:10.1109/mcs.2007.4339280.

A Comparison of EVA and NPV Essay Example

A Comparison of EVA and NPV Essay Finance executives are required not only to crunch numbers and generate forecast but to think critically, not Just seeing the numbers but understanding their implications. This is what Melon (1994) refers to as conducting a financial assessment which often involves; the comparisons of the firms profitability in elation to its competitor, a determination of the magnitude of its investment, estimating the likelihood of premiums, and projecting the impact stockholders may sustain. (Melon, 1994, p. 454) While all sectors of an organization contribute to its success, it is the finance department that often drives major decisions. We will write a custom essay sample on A Comparison of EVA and NPV specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on A Comparison of EVA and NPV specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on A Comparison of EVA and NPV specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Do we invest, can we afford to invest, and if so, how much? This is a basic example of the type of questions asked frequently of a finance executive. Through analysis of the numbers generated by the accounting department, or by conducting a financial assessment of the organization, enhance executives are often able to guide the decision making process, and in ideal situations, generate revenues and growth for their company. This of course, is not to imply that the finance department has the final say, according to Melon (1994), decision making at the organizational level involves integration, considering all the issues raised by executives in various roles, considering all the lines of reasoning that might be generated, and deciding how best to combine the collective knowledge and beliefs (Melon, 1994, p. 439). This informative paper will review academic literature to draw a comparison between woo financial theories, EVA (Economic Value Added) and NAP (Net Present Value). Arranged in four sections, this paper will: (1) define EVA and NAP highlighting their similarities and differences; (2) explain why companies choose to adopt EVA; (3) discuss some of the issues faced when implementing EVA; (4) and finally chronicling McKee Foods Corporations experience while implementing EVA. Similarities and Differences between EVA (Economic Value Added), and NAP (Net Present Value).

Free Essays on Against The Evil Genius

In Descartes ¡Ã‚ ¦ first meditation he spends the majority of his time in an attempt to disprove some fundamental beliefs. He argues that his senses are, at times, misguiding as they lead him to take some falsities for truths. He also states in his  ¡Ã‚ §dream theory ¡Ã‚ ¨ that it is sometimes impossible to discern waking reality from dreaming reality. All of these instances of miscued reality lead Descartes to an alternative hypothesis, the evil genius argument. This  ¡Ã‚ §evil genius ¡Ã‚ ¨ argument states that there is an all-powerful, all-knowing, and all-clever being causing us to believe in a false reality set up by himself, the evil genius. In the evil genius argument, Descartes abandons all previous beliefs of a benevolent, caring, and supremely good god and replaces it with this idea of an evil genius, whose sole purpose is to deceive Descartes. Later on in Meditation VI Descartes makes a stand against his evil genius theory relying on the idea of God as backing. He makes the statement that God has given him reasons to believe in the physical existence of reality. However, there is no way to disprove that physical existence. If the external physical world familiar to Descartes did not exist, then that would make God a deceiver. Under our supremely good view of God, the notion of him being deceitful in nature would certainly be untrue. The conclusion of this would be that the external physical world is in existence, in essence disproving the evil genius argument. P = No physical world exists. G = God is a deceiver. If P „ ³ G ~G______ ~P (Modus Tollens) In defense of the evil genius argument, a problem is raised in regards to the second premise, stating that God is certainly no deceiver. Given that god is our omniscient, omnipotent, omnipresent, and benevolent caretaker, anyone would certainly agree that he is as well, no deceiver. However, what if Gods characteristic of being perfectly good contradicted his ... Free Essays on Against The Evil Genius Free Essays on Against The Evil Genius In Descartes ¡Ã‚ ¦ first meditation he spends the majority of his time in an attempt to disprove some fundamental beliefs. He argues that his senses are, at times, misguiding as they lead him to take some falsities for truths. He also states in his  ¡Ã‚ §dream theory ¡Ã‚ ¨ that it is sometimes impossible to discern waking reality from dreaming reality. All of these instances of miscued reality lead Descartes to an alternative hypothesis, the evil genius argument. This  ¡Ã‚ §evil genius ¡Ã‚ ¨ argument states that there is an all-powerful, all-knowing, and all-clever being causing us to believe in a false reality set up by himself, the evil genius. In the evil genius argument, Descartes abandons all previous beliefs of a benevolent, caring, and supremely good god and replaces it with this idea of an evil genius, whose sole purpose is to deceive Descartes. Later on in Meditation VI Descartes makes a stand against his evil genius theory relying on the idea of God as backing. He makes the statement that God has given him reasons to believe in the physical existence of reality. However, there is no way to disprove that physical existence. If the external physical world familiar to Descartes did not exist, then that would make God a deceiver. Under our supremely good view of God, the notion of him being deceitful in nature would certainly be untrue. The conclusion of this would be that the external physical world is in existence, in essence disproving the evil genius argument. P = No physical world exists. G = God is a deceiver. If P „ ³ G ~G______ ~P (Modus Tollens) In defense of the evil genius argument, a problem is raised in regards to the second premise, stating that God is certainly no deceiver. Given that god is our omniscient, omnipotent, omnipresent, and benevolent caretaker, anyone would certainly agree that he is as well, no deceiver. However, what if Gods characteristic of being perfectly good contradicted his ...

Difference Between Intrinsic and Instrumental Value

Difference Between Intrinsic and Instrumental Value The distinction between intrinsic and instrumental value is one of the most fundamental and important in moral theory. Fortunately, it is not difficult to grasp. You value many things, such as beauty, sunshine, music, money, truth, and justice. To value something is to have a positive attitude toward it and to prefer its existence or occurrence over its nonexistence or nonoccurence. You can value it as an end, as a means to some end, or both. Instrumental Value You value most things instrumentally, that is, as a means to some end. Usually, this is obvious. For instance, you value a washing machine that works- purely for its useful function, or instrumental value. If there were a very cheap cleaning service next door that picked up and dropped off your laundry, you might use it and sell your washing machine because it no longer has any instrumental value to you. One thing nearly everyone values to some extent is money. But it is usually valued purely as a means to an end. It has instrumental value: It provides security, and you can use it to purchase things you want. Detached from its purchasing power, money is just a pile of printed paper or scrap metal. Intrinsic Value There are two notions of intrinsic value. It can be: Valuable in itself  Valued by someone for its own sake If something has intrinsic value in the first sense, this means that the universe is somehow a better place for that thing existing or occurring. Utilitarian philosophers like John Stuart Mill claim that pleasure and happiness are valuable in and of themselves. A universe in which a single sentient being is experiencing pleasure is better than one in which there are no sentient beings. It is a more valuable place. Immanuel Kant holds that genuinely moral actions are intrinsically valuable. He would say that a universe in which rational beings perform good actions from a sense of duty is an inherently better place than a universe in which this doesn’t happen. The Cambridge philosopher G.E. Moore says that a world containing natural beauty is more valuable than a world without beauty, even if there is no one there to experience it. To these philosophers, these things are all valuable in and of themselves. This first notion of intrinsic value is controversial. Many philosophers would say that it makes no sense to talk about things being valuable in themselves unless they are actually valued by someone. Even pleasure or happiness are only intrinsically valuable because they are experienced by someone. Value for Its Own Sake Focusing on the second sense of intrinsic value, the question arises: What do people value for its own sake? The most obvious candidates are pleasure and happiness. People value many things- wealth, health, beauty, friends, education, employment, houses, cars, and washing machines- because they think those things will give them pleasure or make them happy. It may seemingly make sense to ask why people want them. But both Aristotle and Mill pointed out that it doesn’t make sense to ask why a person wants to be happy. Most people value not only their own happiness, they also value the happiness of other people. They are sometimes willing to sacrifice their own happiness for the sake of someone else’s. People also sacrifice themselves or their happiness for other things, such as religion, their country, justice, knowledge, truth, or art. Those are all things that convey the second characteristic of intrinsic value: They are valued by someone for their own sake.

Private Worlds and Public Lives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Private Worlds and Public Lives - Essay Example For example, we may just consider enormous transformation of our perception of the physical distances in the world where today a person can travel half a globe within half a day, or to almost instantaneously establish a communication link with any part of the Earth. Even though these achievements of mankind are seemingly purely technological, they simultaneously exert a great influence on cultural and social aspects of our world views. In this connection, one of the spheres that has been significantly changed in the last hundred years and which in one way or another pertains to the realms of cultural, moral, social, and political concerns is the general distinction between public and private parts of our being. The observation of this crucial principle belongs to the list of the most important social prescriptions in most societies, and its violation consequently constitutes one of the most harshly criticised deviations. With these points in mind, we can try to examine changes that h ave occurred in private and public attitudes to certain issues in the last hundred years with the hope to better understand the nature and scope of the larger transformations that are happening with our society and the humanity in general as the result of the fast pace of progress, which is on one hand generated by humans, but of the direction and prospects of which we on the other hand are not fully aware. As the issues in relation to which we can trace changes of public and private attitudes during the last century or so we can choose the sphere of public and private leisure spaces, serving as a good illustration of how the notions of public and private as such can be contrasted and mixed, and the issue of what implications new technology and the coming of the information society have on the distinction between them. Before we move to the examination of changes in public and private attitudes in relation to the mentioned issues, we should overview the essence of the public versus private distinction, which belongs to the list of fundamental methodological approaches in sociology and offers a helpful, even though often relative, reference point for many research purposes (Stolzenberg 2003, pp.328-332). One of the most evident definitions of private and public might seem to be that private is something connected with our own psychological phenomena and with material aspects of our immediate bodily experiences, while public is related to those environments where people coexist, where rules of conduct are externally imposed and regulated, and where phenomena take place that make sense only in the group context (Weintraub and Kumar 1997, pp.182-203). However, from the point of view of the sociological theory of social constructionism 'the private' refers not only to psychology and 'the public' not onl y to larger scale processes of societys functioning, but rather both notions reflect ways in which individual and group levels co-operate and mutually create reality the way we perceive it. That is why important focuses of the social constructionism are micro, or private, and macro, or public, sociological levels of societies functioning, processes of institutionalisation, and their transformation into ubiquitous traditions. Thus, social constructio

Management Planning Paper Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management Planning Paper - Case Study Example In order to highlight the planning function of the management, this paper will look at the company's future direction as stated in its 2007 Annual Report. Boeing clearly recognizes the importance of the leadership of its workforce in the success of the business organization. CEO Jim Nerney states that "Without incremental improvements generated by thousands upon thousands of Boeing employees last year, we would not have met what was-to be sure-a very challenging business plan" (Annual Report 2007). The mention of the company's business plan highlights the company's commitment in making decisions for the company in advance which they implement through the members of its team. The launch of Boeing 787 Dreamliner has been precendented by careful planning of the structure, components, and how it will be marketed in the market. With its phenomenal success in the market Boeing had taken steps by planning the release of new variants in the market. Recognizing that its operation is shaped by various factors in its business environment, Boeing strives to keep up its success and performance in the market by taking note of how stakeholders are affected. With the rapid development in the market, legal, ethical and corporate social responsibility issues are taken care of as customers look beyond price and product quality as the bases in making a purchase. Studies show that customers are willing to pay a premium to purchase a product which is a produced by a business organization who gives back to the society they operate in (Kotler 2005). This is recognized by Boeing indicated by its passion and commitment in creating an image of a socially, ethically, and legally responsible entity. In the future, Boeing's main plan is to strengthen its position in the industry by keeping abreast with technological advancement. In its Annual Report, it states: "Our greatest contribution will come through pioneering new technologies with improved environmental performance" (Annual Report 2007). The company's commitment of operating profitably is now coupled with its aim of being an ethical organization by being concerned of how its processes and aircrafts affect the environment. Boeing identifies itself as socially responsible business organization by funding programs and activities which improves the plight of the society where it operates in. This commitment of becoming socially responsible is highlighted in the management planning. According to its 2007 Philanthropy report, "our communities are included among our company's key stakeholders in the management model that guides how we do business around the world." This statement supports that the company's plans are being aligned at how it helps to address pressing and compelling social issues. Thus, Boeing actively seeks to help communities in five core areas namely, education, environment, health and human services, arts and culture, and civics. Analyze at least three factors that influence the company's strategic, tactical, operational, and contingency planning. Operating in a capital intensive business environment, technological change becomes one of the most

Color and Vans Essay Example for Free

Color and Vans Essay Vans and Converse are both brands of shoes. Vans and Converses have many similarities but they also both have many differences. Both brands come in many different colors and patterns. They also both come in many different styles. For example, they both come in slip-ons, lace-ups, and boots. Also both Converse and Vans make shoes for many different activities. For example, Converse makes shoes for Basketball and Cheerleading. Vans make shoes for surfing, skating, skateboarding, BMX, Moto X, and Snowboarding. Last but not least, they both make casual shoes. Some differences between Vans and Converse are sizing and pricing. The Converse sizes are smaller than the actual street shoe you wear. The pricing between Vans and Converse is also different. Converses are more expensive than Vans. Those are just some of the similarities and differences between vans and Converse. Vans vs converse Vans and Converse are both brands of shoes. Vans and Converses have many similarities but they also both have many differences. Both brands come in many different colors and patterns. They also both come in many different styles. For example, they both come in slip-ons, lace-ups, and boots. Also both Converse and Vans make shoes for many different activities. For example, Converse makes shoes for Basketball and Cheerleading. Vans make shoes for surfing, skating, skateboarding, BMX, Moto X, and Snowboarding. Last but not least, they both make casual shoes. Some differences between Vans and Converse are sizing and pricing. The Converse sizes are smaller than the actual street shoe you wear. The pricing between Vans and Converse is also different. Converses are more expensive than Vans. Those are just some of the similarities and differences between vans and Converse. Vans vs converse Vans and Converse are both brands of shoes. Vans and Converses have many similarities but they also both have many differences. Both brands come in many different colors and patterns. They also both come in many different styles. For example, they both come in slip-ons, lace-ups, and boots. Also both Converse and Vans make shoes for many different activities. For example, Converse makes shoes for Basketball and Cheerleading. Vans make shoes for surfing, skating, skateboarding, BMX, Moto X, and Snowboarding. Last but not least, they both make casual shoes. Some differences between Vans and Converse are sizing and pricing. The Converse sizes are smaller than the actual street shoe you wear. The pricing between Vans and Converse is also different. Converses are more expensive than Vans. Those are just some of the similarities and differences between vans and Converse. Vans vs converse Vans and Converse are both brands of shoes. Vans and Converses have many similarities but they also both have many differences. Both brands come in many different colors and patterns. They also both come in many different styles. For example, they both come in slip-ons, lace-ups, and boots. Also both Converse and Vans make shoes for many different activities. For example, Converse makes shoes for Basketball and Cheerleading. Vans make shoes for surfing, skating, skateboarding, BMX, Moto X, and Snowboarding. Last but not least, they both make casual shoes. Some differences between Vans and Converse are sizing and pricing. The Converse sizes are smaller than the actual street shoe you wear. The pricing between Vans and Converse is also different. Converses are more expensive than Vans. Those are just some of the similarities and differences between vans and Converse. Vans vs converse Vans and Converse are both brands of shoes. Vans and Converses have many similarities but they also both have many differences. Both brands come in many different colors and patterns. They also both come in many different styles. For example, they both come in slip-ons, lace-ups, and boots. Also both Converse and Vans make shoes for many different activities. For example, Converse makes shoes for Basketball and Cheerleading. Vans make shoes for surfing, skating, skateboarding, BMX, Moto X, and Snowboarding. Last but not least, they both make casual shoes. Some differences between Vans and Converse are sizing and pricing. The Converse sizes are smaller than the actual street shoe you wear. The pricing between Vans and Converse is also different. Converses are more expensive than Vans. Those are just some of the similarities and differences between vans and Converse.

Education of Boys in Victorian England :: Victorian Era

Education of Boys in Victorian England The Upper and Middle Classes * The Elementary School Act of 1870 made school compulsory up to the age of 12. * The most famous group of public schools was referred to as â€Å"the Nine Great Public Schools.† * The famous schools were Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Winchester, Shrewsbury, Charterhouse, Westminster, St. Paul's, and Merchant Taylors. * These schools were originally opened up to everyone and sustained through the donations of wealthy donors. Initially taught boys Latin and Greek grammar but in 1861 the administration was changed and more of the sciences were included. As a result, the schools became public in name only and were attended pretty much by upper class and middle class boys only. * Children of the upper and middle classes were taught at home by governesses or tutors until they were old enough to attend public schools. * Public schools were important for sons of well-off or aspiring families because schools gave them the opportunity to establish connections which could later help them out in their careers. * Most of the boys that attended these schools went off to Cambridge and Oxford and then later on to Parliament. * George Osborne was not of the upper classes but he interacted a lot with them and it was a possibility for a gain in status. * A lot of emphasize was placed on athletic games. They oftentimes even took precedence over the learning of Greek and Latin. Being a sportsman reaffirmed a man's leadership. The Lower Classes * Boys of the lower classes were excluded from attending the â€Å"public† schools of England because they did not fit into what was expected of the boys that attended those schools. * The boys attending the public schools were most often than not of well to do families, which meant they would be well-dressed, well-mannered boys. * Boys from the lower classes did not have the same upbringing and as a result did not fit into the public schools instead they attended what were often referred to as Ragged Schools. Purposes of Education * For the upper classes, the purpose of an education was to raise gentlemen and prepare them for prestigious appointments in Parliament or government.

Descended from Jung

Dr. Katherine Benziger dedicates one of her books, â€Å"Thriving in Mind† to her grandmother who worked with Carl Jung and Anna Freud, so it is no great leap of logic to discover her psychological influences (2000). And, one look at her work makes her claim as the next generation of Jungian researcher easy to justify. As neuropsychologist, she is focused on understanding the physiology of the brain as it applies to personality. Her ties to Carl Jung run deep, she has been gust faculty at the Jung Institute and both her mother and grandmother studied Jung.Benziger â€Å"is an internationally recognized expert on the physiological foundations of Dr. Carl Jung's type model. [She] is known as the foremost expert on Falsification of Type and its costs to the individual and society. † (â€Å"Advantara† 2006). Benziger’s love of Jungian philosophy started early. Her maternal grandmother studied with Jung in Switzerland in 1933 and her mother studied with Murray Stein at Chicago’s C. G. Jung Institute. Benziger was born into a psychology-education household, with both of her parents teaching at Southern Illinois University in Carbondale during her formative years.She returned to Carbondale in 2003 to care for her mother and now operates her practice and world-wide consulting business. Benziger has an MS in Strategic Planning from the University of Wisconsin and a PhD. in Psychology from La Salle University. She has had her own consulting practice, KBA, since 1978. Her focus has been to help her clients increase their effectiveness while increasing their physical and mental health (Benziger 2007). In essence, Benziger’s theory is the next step in Jungian psychology, so it is not at all surprising that she is recognized as an international expert on the physiological foundations of Dr.Carl Jung's type model. Most especially she is known as the foremost expert on Falsification of Type and its costs to the individual and society. (Benziger 2007). Benziger has worked in the USA, Canada, Latin America and Europe. She has been on the faculty of The American Academy of Medical Directors as well as been guest faculty at The Jung Institute in Switzerland and for http://www. cgjungpage. org (Benziger 2007). â€Å"She is an acknowledged expert on the physiological bases for: TYPE; and for what Dr.Jung called Falsification of Type and its Costs – to individuals and teams. Dr. Benziger's goal is to help individuals thrive alone and as an active part of a marriage or work team. Working to help individuals understand and overcome burnout and mid-life crisis is of primary importance to her. Consequently, Dr. Benziger developed a next step tool, the BTSA, 14 years ago, to assist individuals in sorting through the skills they have learned to do well and value to identify their true natural gifts. † (PersonalityType 2007) What Dr.Benziger has done is to take the Jungian model of four functions and add newer in formation regarding the function of the brain to develop a fur-tiered analysis of thinking types, the way the brain works. In her earlier works, including The Physiology of Jung’s Four Functions & Their Organization (1998), Benziger argued: Jung’s four Functions are rooted in four distinct areas of the cortex. Thinking is housed in the Left Frontal Lobe. Intuition is housed in the Right Frontal Lobe. Sensation is housed in the Left Posterior Convexity. Feeling is housed in the Right Posterior Convexity.Jung’s assertion that each of us has one Natural Lead Function is the result of a neuro-chemical – physiological fact that each person has one area which is 100 times more efficient than their remaining three areas. Jung’s assertion that each person has two natural auxiliaries can be understood to be the natural result of the brain’s structure. Factually speaking, neuronal bridges hardwire a person’s Natural Lead to their auxiliaries, m aking communication between their lead and auxiliaries easy, even though each actual auxiliary is relatively speaking highly inefficient.Jung’s assertion that once a person’s Natural Lead Function has been identified, one can confidently calculate the person’s greatest Natural Weakness, is the result of the simply fact that there are no diagonal bridges in the human brain. The difference between the Feeling Function and Emotions can be understood more clearly. The Feeling Function is a cortical capacity to recognize the presence or absence of harmony – between colors, tones, or human beings. By contrast, emotions are a limbic capacity to experience delight, anger, fear, grief. (Benziger 1998) This background has then been combined with the on-going research of Dr.Arlene Taylor regarding PASS, Prolonged adaption Stress Syndrome, to apply Jung’s theories about fasifying type to her own reaserch about identifying type. Benziger has developed a persona lity assessment test which she uses to help people identify the type of work that they should be doing and the way that they should be doing it. The classification is a little left brained ad right brained combined with front and rear brained. She argues that people often have been taught by societal values to operate in a manner that does not correlate with their natural inclinations.This causes stress and forces the person to work harder to do the same job that someone more inclined for that type of work can do easily. In essence, it is the explanation why some people can stare all day at columns of numbers at enjoy the minutia of trying to find one number out of place while others need to be behind the lens of a camera or writing creatively. (Benziger â€Å"Thriving in Mind† 2000). Perhaps Benziger’s biggest contributions to the field then are in her international work in human resources.She believes that by teaching corporations to hire the right person for the rig ht job, as evidenced by their â€Å"type† inclinations, corporations can increase productivity and reduce employee burnout. At the same time, by allowing employees to adapt to do the work in a manner that is best suited to their mind type, the company can reduce stress-related illness and employee dissatisfaction (Benziger, 2000). To this end, she has developed a world-wide consulting firm which specializes in teaching human resources professionals around the world how to motivate and train employees.She conducts several international seminars annually designed to assist people with identifying type and identifying falsification of type. Falsification occurs when we have been trained by society that some skill is more valued than another and therefore suppress our natural instincts for self-gratification in order to please society—in the form of parents, spouses, employers or society as a whole. This is the primary cause of stress in most people’s lives, Benzige r claims. (â€Å"Thriving in Mind†2007). Ultimately, Benziger takes the Jungian theories of personality and translates them into something more.â€Å"Many people understand the Jungian functions as being qualities of people’s â€Å"personality†. Instead it should be pointed out that personality is only one physical manifestation of cognitive function. In other words the way your brain/mind works determines how you behave and appear to others. Your outward behavior or â€Å"personality† is a â€Å"product† of your cognitive functions (function follows form). You are your mind. â€Å" (â€Å"Time for Love† 2007). Benziger’s impact has been to revolutionize human resources, for those who are listening. Her clients have included the Mayo Clinic and Proctor and Gamble-Latin America.Her work with Dr. Taylor on PASS has included an 11-year study on the effects of falsification of type on stress levels and she has lectured international on women and leadership. Clearly, her work is impacting others as Dr. Tarylor is one of many psychologists who have adopted the Benziger personality assessment as a means of identifying type and helping people to find their appropriate cognitive function. Dr. Benziger has written half a dozen books describing her theories, created her own assessment tests and spent more than 25 years developing her personal practice and international consulting firm.She offers an average of four international seminars a year and her classes are recognized as interntional personal coaching continuing education credits. Benziger’s philosophy was the subject of a year-long series of columns in â€Å"Heartland Women†, a bi-weekly news magazine in her hometown of Carbondale. Essentially, quoting deeply from her latest publication, â€Å"Thriving in Mind†, Benziger argues that we must take the time to identify how our mind prefers to work as opposed to what society tells us our preferenc e should be.For instance, society often tells young women that they are not equipped for math or science when it may be exactly what a particular girl needs to be studying. She has also expressed concerns in this impact cognitive patterns have on the way we teach and learn. Some people, depending on their cognitive function types, are very good at learning patterns and others are better at seeing the larger picture, instead of the details.Neither is necessarily an inappropriate method of thinking, but right now, based on current standardize intelligence tests and other standardized testing, those who can innately recognize patterns are assumed to be more intelligent than those who view things spatially, for instance (Benzinger, â€Å"Thriving in Mind† 2000). Ultimately, the work of Dr. Benziger should prompt a great deal more study. Her insights are not necessarily clearly conveyed in her works, which is a distinct failing of her works, but the basic premeses are worthy of no te.She has built her work on a strong foundation of Jung’s theories of personality and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. She ties the classics of psychology into a modern explanation of why the body causes itself stress and how people can live happier. She understands the basic concepts of neurology and attempts to use them in conjunction with psychology to promote a better understanding of the functioning of the human mind. It is saddening, therefore, that this brilliant researcher has not found the creative mind that can work with her and best express her ideas to the world and promote them with the psychological community.Her ideas are sound and should be the basis for additional research. ? Works Cited â€Å"Benziger Conference† , Accessed December 19, 2007 Benziger, Katherine. â€Å"The Physiology of Type: Jung's Four Functions,: KAB Publishing, 1998. Benziger, Katherine. â€Å"Thrving in Mind† KAB Publishing, 2000. Katherine Benziger biography, Benziger . org, Accessed December 19, 2007. â€Å"Physiology of Type† Accessed December 19, 2007. â€Å"Time Enough For Love† , Accessed December 19, 2007.

Auto Biography

was born and brought up in Houston, Texas. Ours is a family of four with my parents, me and my younger brother. The schooling years of my life were toughest. I struggled a lot in my studies. The standardized procedure of education never interested me. I was an average student throughout my academic life. Extra-curricular activities like sports, drawing, crafts, etc. were my favorite things. I just remember that it was the second semester of 8th grade when I stood first in class.However, it didn't serve any purpose in motivating me to take up studies seriously. I enjoyed understanding the concepts more than just memorizing ready-made notes. After completion of my schooling and college in the science stream, I chose to become a painter. It was a weird decision taken by me at that time. Today, however, I don't regret it at all. My career in painting began a smoothly and I was more than happy to grab the right opportunity for which I was waiting so long.Today, I am happy with my life and enjoy it to the fullest. The positive attitude to face hardships brought out the best in me. Today I am looking forward to face the challenges of life in a positive manner. The content presented in the example above gives only a rough idea of how an autobiography should start; one can use a similar write up as an example of autobiography for college projects. Writing an autobiography is a huge effort and requires patience to put the facts and experiences in a proper manner.Autobiographies are detailed accounts of a person's life and should be written with care and responsibility. The autobiography sample provided in the article above provides an idea about how to write about yourself in an interesting manner. Autobiographies are detailed accounts of our lives which help in remembering the happy and sad moments as well. One can draw inspiration from the tough times of the past and move on in life with a positive attitude. Read more at Buzzle: http://www. buzzle. com/articles/autobio graphy-sample. html

Pieter Brueghel essays

Pieter Brueghel essays If someone were to think of one of the great Flemish painters, Pieter Brueghel might come to mind. Often referred to as Pieter Brueghel the Elder, he was the most important member of his family and a great painter in the 16th century. Pieter was born around 1525 in what is thought to be the town of Breda, which is now in The Netherlands. He went on to later be an apprentice to a leading Antwerp artist named Coecke van Aelst in 1551. Brueghel then traveled to Italy, and later lived in Antwerp for about 10 years before permanently settling down in Brussels. In 1563 he went on to marry Mayken, Coecke van Aelsts daughter. This relationship with the van Aelst family drew him to the peasant and allegorical themes that he painted. The scenes of landscapes and peasant life in Brueghels paintings are full of great detail and convey the stress and absurd kinds of lifestyles during this period of the 1500s. His paintings also portray the many weaknesses found in humans. Brueghel created his own style that holds special meaning. He painted many different subjects such as Biblical scenes, mythological portrayals, and social satires. Although he painted many different themes, it all falls under the school of Flemish Renaissance. Renaissance paintings are very realistic with figures in natural settings using precise detail. The renaissance style is represented in some of Brueghels very famous paintings. These include The Peasant Dance, The Wedding Feast, and The Landscape with the Fall of Iracus. In addition to his paintings Brueghel became known for the engravings that were made from his original paintings. ...

Understanding Citizen Journalism

Understanding Citizen Journalism Citizen journalism involves private individuals, who are normally the consumers of journalism, generating their own news content. Citizens collect, report, analyze, and disseminate news and information, just as professional journalists would, creating what is known as user-generated content. These amateur journalists produce news in many forms, ranging from a podcast editorial to a report about a city council meeting on a blog, and is usually digital in nature. It can also include text, pictures, audio, and video. Social media plays a major role in disseminating news and promoting citizen journalism content. Since the general public has 24/7 access to technology, citizens are often the first on-scene for breaking news, getting these stories out more quickly than traditional media reporters. However, unlike professional journalists, citizen journalists may not have conducted the same background research and source verification, which can make these leads less reliable. Collaborations vs. Independent Reporting Citizens are able to contribute content, in one form or another, to existing professional news sites. This collaboration can be seen through readers posting their comments alongside stories written by professional reporters, like a 21st-century version of a letter to the editor. To prevent obscene or objectionable messages, many websites require readers to register in order to post. Readers are also adding their information to articles written by professional journalists. For instance, a reporter may do an article about disparities in gas prices around town. When the story appears online, readers can post information about gas prices in areas not covered in the original story and even offer tips on where to buy cheaper gas. This collaboration allows both citizen and professional journalists to craft a story together. Reporters might even ask readers with expertise in particular areas to send them information on that topic or even do some of their own reporting. That information is then incorporated into the final story. Some amateur journalists operate fully independent of traditional, professional news outlets. This can include blogs in which individuals can report on events in their communities or offer commentary on the issues of the day, YouTube channels where citizens give their own news reports and commentaries, and even unofficial print publications. Revolutionizing News Citizen journalism was once hailed as a revolution that would make news-gathering a more democratic process - one that would no longer solely be the province of professional reporters. It has had a significant impact on todays news, with many believing that citizen journalism is a threat to professional and traditional journalism. Social media has played a vital role in revolutionizing news. Many citizens are the first to report on breaking stories, with eye-witness videos, first-hand accounts, and real-time information, all using social media. Even news outlets will share breaking stories on social media before traditional means, but they have to still follow up with larger stories quickly or risk being outdated with their material in this fast-paced news environment. Social media doesnt just play a role in disseminating citizen-generated news; it also stands as a source for professional journalists to identify the stories they need to cover. A 2016 study by Cision indicated that more than 50% of professional journalists used social media to find and build stories. Despite its vast impact on our daily news, citizen journalism is not without its flaws. The biggest concern is the reliability of news, including fact-checking and the risk of incorrect information being disseminated.

Business-Level and Corporate-Level Strategies Assignment

Business-Level and Corporate-Level Strategies - Assignment Example Moreover, AT&T provides GSM, TDMA and UMTS services. These are the example of niche marketing activities. AT&T has started to sell their wireless and GSM services in iphone, collaborating with Apple Corporation (Grant and Meadows, 2012). Its exclusive accord to competitive market place has differentiated AT&T from its potential competitors. Vast spectrum utilization of AT&T offers its subscribers the video conferencing service. AT&T wireless is the only telecom company in US market that promises; people can get connected with each other anywhere and anyway by its efficient telecom service. AT&T has successfully diversified their business in several international markets. It is the leading wireless service provider in global market that provides Voice-IP, Voice-PTT, HSPDA and video sharing. Moreover, efficient channel exposure has increased the competitive advantage of AT&T. The story of AT&T depicts the 130 years old history. The old giant company has efficiently served the customers in telecommunication sector. From the foundation in 1875 by Graham Bell to this present era, the global telecommunication industry has evidenced several key events of AT&T. The study focuses on the corporate-level strategies of AT&T. After the successful invention of telephone in the year 1875 by Graham Bell, the company has diversified their business. The vertical integration of the company created the opportunity of transferring the corporate skills of the company. In an addition, BTC also did acquisitions of many licenses. It actually increases the market power of BTC. Years after years the both vertical and horizontal integration helped BTC to create the economies of scope. Moreover, they have continuously generated the know-how technology. The monopolistic status of the company resulted many filed regulation suits. At one point of time AT&T lost the brand image and huge market share due to

Strategic Management of Harley-Davidson Research Paper

Strategic Management of Harley-Davidson - Research Paper Example Notably, the company is a US based multinational which specializes on motorcycles. The company was established in the year 1903 and is recognized to possess a strong competitive stance in the current market scenario of the 21st century (Harley-Davidson, â€Å"History†). Based on this thought, the essay shall conclusively intend to identify the major opportunities and threats existing in the US market and the strengths as well as weaknesses possessed by the company. 2.0 The External Environment 2.1 Factors of the Natural Physical Environment Affecting the Corporation and the Industry The components belonging to the natural physical environment of the USA, which affect Harley-Davidson and the motor vehicle industry, can be identified as the energy sources and the trend in its consumption and pricing. The energy sources existing in the US natural physical environment are bioenergy, fossil fuel, coal, hydrogen, hydropower, oil, solar, wind, geothermal and others. It is worth menti oning in this context that the economy maintains a strategic reserve of fuels in order to face the future challenges. This provides the company and the industry with the opportunity of minimized threats in terms of lacuna in energy efficiency of the economy and increasing prices of the fuel which in turn can hamper the future prospects of the company and the industry as a whole. On the contrary, it also raises the future threat of stringent legal barriers and increased tax rates due to the reduction in the level of reserve (U.S. Department of Energy, â€Å"Strategic Petroleum Reserve Annual Report for Calendar Year 2009†). 2.2 General Environmental Forces Affecting the Corporation and the Industry US economy is observed to be at its recovery stage, after being strongly affected by the recent global recession. The GDP rate is growing moderately with an increase in the unemployment rate. This in turn is expected to reduce the consumer purchase rate and thus prove to be a signif icant threat for the company and the industry in the current phenomenon (The Economic Times, â€Å"US Economy Grows 1.8% In Q1, Jobless Claims Rise†). However, political reforms can be recognized to provide with significant opportunities with facilitated investment in the technology sector (U.S. Census Bureau, â€Å"Science and Technology†). With the growing influence of the climate change and other environmental hazards, the US economy has undertaken several strategic measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions caused by the motor vehicle industry. The measures include strict legal barriers under the regulatory bodies such as, National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP), Clean Air Act (1970) and others (United States Environmental Protection Agency, â€Å"Automotive Repair and Maintenance Sectors (NAICS 8111)†; Natural Resources Defense Council, â€Å"U.S. Environmental Laws†).

Communication and interaction within married couples at church Essay

Communication and interaction within married couples at church - Essay Example This problem depends upon a number of factors, which are both communicational and condemnatory. The principles that underline the seriousness of this problem include blocks like lack of communication, age factor with relevance to immaturity, lack of decision making skills, insensitiveness, early child care situations, and lack of awareness. This prime and most pondered upon issue is being spread like fire all around the researches in contemporary literature, which is why a basis of this issue with reference to its illustration through research will be provided. It is believed that in order for human beings to survive in a society, it is necessary for them to communicate. Is that why man is a social animal? To be accurate, it is true and very much factual. Human beings cannot survive if they are unable to communicate and lack interpersonal skills. Communication skills can be defined as ‘That situation in which a source transmits a message to a receiver with conscious intent to a ffect the latter’s behavior.’ This specifies that the process of expressing thoughts and messages through language or actions is called communication. Hence, it verifies that without the help of communication, human beings cannot continue to exist; especially without speech, because it is thought to be exceedingly imperative as we need to slot in and complete very complex everyday jobs involving collaboration. To validate that proper communication you should be is indispensable; Bach & Grant (2009) said â€Å"There are times, though, when we experience situations where we consider that an interaction did not go smoothly; perhaps we were misunderstood or a friend reacted differently to how we expected.† Explaining the importance of communication between couples, another important term with reference to communication, is ‘nonverbal communication skills’; these skills are meant to make the communicator feel safe, respected, and understood. Petersen (20 07) has verified â€Å"Listening to understand requires a non-judgmental attitude that can go against what most of us were taught, that is, to listen for rights and wrongs.† Therefore, the aspect which has been selected for influencing problems that married couples face is lack of communication. Communication students can directly relate to this topic, as it verifies how lack of communication could reform the society and how these students can elucidate its reach. The fact that problems couples face after marriage has immersed in almost all societies, and what is more essential for elaboration is the fact that it is spontaneously shifting its frame of totality in all societies, which makes it perplexed to be analyzed in a specified precinct. Hence, this problem, its effectiveness and its causes are under assessment with the help of reviewing literature and a qualitative research method. It has been formulated that misunderstandings between couples emerge due to the fact that men and women communicate differently. Instead of communicating with each other, couples tend to talk to others about it and do not gain the idea that this would not solve problems. What needs to be pondered upon is that while staying on this path, couples become hopeless and verify that communication is of no use. Rather than making each other understand the issues they are facing, couples move towards differences which lead to problems like divorces and separations. The specified reason that this topic has been

Summary and Analysis of the Compton Effect

Summary and Analysis of the Compton Effect En = nhf (1) where En is the energy, n is a non-negative integer, h is Plancks constant, and f is the frequency of the photon.2 In 1905, Albert Einstein extended Plancks inference to include not only black body radiation but all electromagnetic waves! Therefore, Einstein hypothesized that light is quantized with energy proportional to its frequency.3 The obvious principle to be deduced from these discoveries is that light possessed attributes of waves and particles! In 1922, Arthur Holly Compton solidified Plancks assumption and therefore firmly established a new era of physics. Compton theorized and then experimentally demonstrated that electromagnetic waves had the properties of particles. Classically, x-rays would shake the electrons of a target material at the same frequency of the x-ray. Hence, the wavelength of radiation from the oscillating electrons would be identical to the wavelength of the incoming xrays. 1 However, it was observed that x-rays were more easily absorbed by materials than waves of longer wavelength. In other words, the scattered  x-rays were of longer wavelength.4 This was contrary to the predictions of classical physics. Compton realized though, that if the interaction was modeled as a collision between two particles (electron and photon), the scattered x-rays would-be of longer wave length (compared to the incident-rays) because the recoiling electron would acquire some of the energy and momentum of the  incoming x-ray.4 Since wavelength is inversely proportional to frequency, the frequency of the scattered x-rays was less. From eq. (1), it is seen  that the energy would also be decreased. When Compton carried out this experiment in 1922 using molybdenum as his target, he verified his theory and provided even more evidence that light also possessed a mass less particle nature Detailed Description of Compton Effect   the elastic scattering of electromagnetic radiation by free electrons, accompanied by an increase in wavelength; it is observed during scattering of radiation of short wavelength-X rays and gamma rays. The corpuscular properties of radiation were fully revealed for the first time in the Compton Effect. The Compton effect was discovered in 1922 by the American physicist A. Compton, who observed that X rays scattered in paraffin have a longer wavelength than the incident rays. Such a shift in wavelength could not be explained by classical theory. In fact, according to classical electrodynamics, under the influence of the periodic electric field of an electromagnetic (light) wave, an electron should oscillate with a frequency equal to that of the wave and consequently should radiate secondary (scattered) waves of the same frequency. Thus, in classical scattering (the theory of which was provided by the British physicist J. J. Thomson and is therefore called Thomson scattering) the wavelength of the light does not change. An elementary theory of the Compton effect based on quantum concepts was given by Compton and independently by P. Debye. According to quantum theory a light wave is a stream of light quanta, or photons. Each photon has a definite energy Ø ¹ =hv=hc/ÃŽÂ »and a definite momentum pÃŽÂ ³= (h/ÃŽÂ »)n, where ÃŽÂ » is the wavelength of the incident light (vis its frequency),cis the speed of light,his Plancks constant, and n is the unit vector in the direction of propagation of the wave (the subscript ÃŽÂ ³ denotes a photon). In quantum theory the Compton Effect appears as an elastic collision between two particles, the incident photon and the stationary electron. In every such collision event the laws of conservation of energy and momentum are obeyed. A photon that has collided with an electron transfers part of its energy and momentum to the electron and changes its direction of motion (it is scattered); the decrease in the photons energy signifies an increase in the wav elength of the scattered light. The electron, which previously had been stationary, receives energy and momentum from the photon and is set in motion (it experiences recoil). The direction of motion of the particles after the collision, as well as their energy, is determined by the laws of conservation of energy and momentum (Figure 1). Elastic collision of a photon and an electron in the Compton effect. Before the collision the electron was stationary:pÃŽÂ ³and pÃŽÂ ³are the momentum of the incident and scattered photons, pe=mvis the momentum of the recoil electron (vis its velocity),(is the photons scattering angle, and à ¸ is the angle of escape of the recoil electron relative to the direction of the incident photon. Simultaneous solution of the equations expressing the equality of the summed energies and momentums of the particles before and after the collision (assuming that the electron is stationary before the collision) gives Comptons formula for the shift in the wavelength of the light: =ÃŽÂ » à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »=ÃŽÂ »0(1 Ë- cos ÃŽÂ ¸) Here ÃŽÂ » is the wavelength of the scattered light, ÃŽÂ ¸ is the photons scattering angle, and ÃŽÂ »0=h/mc= 2.426 ÃÆ'- 10Ë-10cm = 0.024 angstrom (Ã…) is the Compton wavelength of the electron (mis the mass of the electron). It follows from Comptons formula that the shift in the wavelength does not depend on the wavelength ÃŽÂ » of the incident light itself. It is solely determined by the scattering angle ÃŽÂ ¸ of the photon and is maximal when ÃŽÂ ¸ = 180 °, that is, when scattering is straight back: max= 2ÃŽÂ »o. Expressions for the energy Ø ¹eof the recoil, or Compton, electron as a function of the angle à ¸ of its escape may be obtained from the same equations. The dependence of the energy Ø ¹ ÃŽÂ ³ of the scattered photon on the scattering angle ÃŽÂ ¸, as well as the dependence of Ø ¹eon à ¸, which is related to it, is shown in Figure 2. From the figure it is apparent that the recoil electrons always have a velocity component in the direction of motion of the incident photon (that is, à ¸ does not exceed 90 °). Experiment has confirmed all the above theoretical predictions. The correctness of the corpuscular concepts of the mechanism of the Compton effect-and thus the correctness of the basic assumptions of quantum theory-has been experimentally proved. In actual experiments on the scattering of photons by matter, the electrons are not free but are bound to atoms. If the energy of the photons is high in comparison with the binding energy of the electrons in the atom (X-ray and gamma-ray photons), then the electrons experience a recoil strong enough to expel them from the atom. In this case the photon scattering proceeds as if with free electrons. However, if the energy of the photon is not sufficient to tear the electron from the atom, then the photon exchanges energy and momentum with the entire atom. Since the mass of the atom is very great compared to the photons equivalent mass (which, according to the theory of relativity, equals  £y/c2), the recoil is virtually nonexistent; therefore, the photon Dependence of the energyØ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »of the scattered photon on the scattering angleÃŽÂ ¸(for convenience, only the upper half of the symmetrical curve is depicted) and the dependence of the energy Ø ¹eof the recoil electron on the angle of escape 0 (lower half of the curve). Quantities related to the same collision event are labeled with identical numbers. The vectors drawn from point 0, at which the collision between the proton with energy Ø ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ³ and the stationary electron occurred, to corresponding points on the curves depict the state of the particle after scattering: the magnitudes of the vectors give the energy of the particles, and the angles formed by the vectors with the direction of the incident photon define the scattering angle à ¸ and the angle 0 of the recoil electrons path. (The graph was plotted for the case of scattering of hard X rays with wavelengthhc/Ø ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ³= ÃŽÂ ³o= 0.024 Ã….)  is scattered without a change in its energy (t hat is, without a change in its wavelength, or coherently). In heavy atoms only the peripheral electrons are weakly bound (in contrast to the electrons filling the inner shells of the atom), and therefore the spectrum of the scattered radiation has both a shifted (Compton) line, from scattering by the peripheral electrons, and an un-shifted (coherent) line, from scattering by the entire atom. With increasing atomic number (nuclear charge) the electron binding energy increases, the relative intensity of the Compton line decreases, and that of the coherent line increases. The motion of the electrons in atoms leads to a broadening of the Compton lines in the scattered radiation. This occurs because the wavelength of the incident light appears to be slightly changed for moving electrons; in addition, the amount of change depends on the magnitude and direction of the electrons velocity (the Doppler effect). Careful measurements of the intensity distribution in a Compton line, which reflects the velocity distribution of the electrons in the material, has confirmed the correctness of quantum theory, according to which electrons obey Fermi-Dirac statistics. The simplified theory of the Compton Effect examined here does not permit the calculation of all characteristics of Compton scattering, particularly the intensity of photon scattering at various angles. A complete theory of the Compton Effect is provided by quantum electrodynamics. The intensity of Compton scattering depends on both the scattering angle and the wavelength of the incident radiation. Asymmetry is observed in the angular distribution of the scattered photons: more photons are scattered forward, and the asymmetry increases with increasing energy of the incident photons. The total intensity of Compton scattering decreases with an increase in the energy of the primary photons (Figure 3); this indicates that the probability of the Compton scattering of a photon passing through matter diminishes with decreasing energy. Such a dependence of intensity on  £y determines the place of Compton scattering among the other effects of interaction between matter and radiation that ar e responsible for loss of energy by photons in their passage through matter. For example, in lead the Compton effect makes the main contribution to the energy loss of photons at energies of the order of 1-10 mega electron volts, or MeV (in a lighter element, aluminum, this range is 0.1-30.0 MeV); below this region it is surpassed by the photoelectric effect, and above it by pair production. Compton scattering is used extensively in studying the gamma radiation of nuclei; it is also the basis of the principle of operation of some gamma spectrometers. The Compton effect is possible not only for electrons but also for other charged particles, such as protons; however, because of the protons large mass its recoil is noticeable only during the scattering of photons with very high energy. The double Compton effect consists of the formation of two scattered photons in place of a single incident photon during scattering by a free electron. The existence of this process follows from quantum electrodynamics; it was first observed in 1952. Its probability is approximately a hundred times less than that of the ordinary Compton effect. Graph showing the dependence of the total Compton scattering intensity Inverse Compton effect. If the electrons on which electromagnetic radiation is scattered are relativistic (that is, if they are moving with speeds close to the speed of light), then in an elastic collision the wavelength of the radiation will decrease: the energy and momentum of the photons will increase at the expense of the energy and momentum of the electrons. This phenomenon is called the inverse Compton effect and is often used to explain the radiation mechanism of cosmic X-ray sources, the production of the X-ray component of the background galactic radiation, and the transformation of plasma waves into high-frequency electromagnetic waves. Description of the phenomenon By the early 20th century, research into the interaction ofX-rayswith matter was well underway. It was known that when a beam of X-rays is directed at an atom, an electron is ejected and is scattered through an angleÃŽÂ ¸.Classical electromagnetismpredicts that the wavelength of scattered rays should be equal to the initial wavelength;-9-2[3]however, multiple experiments found that the wavelength of the scattered rays was greater than the initial wavelength. In 1923, Compton published a paper in thePhysical Reviewexplaining the phenomenon. Using the notion ofquantized radiationand the dynamics ofspecial relativity, Compton derived the relationship between the shift in wavelength and the scattering angle: Where ÃŽÂ »is the initial wavelength, ÃŽÂ »Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²is the wavelength after scattering, his thePlanck constant, meis the mass of the electron, cis thespeed of light, and ÃŽÂ ¸is the scattering angle. The quantityhà ¢Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾mecis known as theCompton wavelengthof the electron; it is equal to2.43ÃÆ'-10à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢12m. The wavelength shiftÃŽÂ »Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²Ãƒ ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »is at least zero (forÃŽÂ ¸= 0 °) and at most twice the Compton wavelength of the electron (forÃŽÂ ¸= 180 °). Compton found that some X-rays experienced no wavelength shift despite being scattered through large angles; in each of these cases the photon failed to eject an electron.Thus the magnitude of the shift is related not to the Compton wavelength of the electron, but to the Compton wavelength of the entire atom, which can be upwards of 10à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ °000 times smaller. Compton Scattering the scattering of3.html#c4x-raysfrom electrons in a carbon target and found scattered x-rays with a longer wavelength than those incident upon the target. The shift of the wavelength increased with scattering angle according to the Compton formula: Compton explained and modeled the data by assuming a particle (photon) nature for light and applying conservation of energy and conservation of momentum to the collision between the photon and the electron. The scattered photon has lower energy and therefore a longer wavelength according to the2.html#c3Planck relationship. At a time (early 1920s) when the particle (photon) nature of light suggested by the1.html#c2photoelectric effectwas still being debated, the Compton experiment gave clear and independent evidence of particle-like behavior. Compton was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1927 for the discovery of the effect named after him. Compton Scattering Data Comptons original experiment made use of molybdenum K-alpha x-rays, which have a wavelength of 0.0709 nm. These were scattered from a block of carbon and observed at different angles with a2Bragg spectrometer. The spectrometer consists of a rotating framework with a calcite crystal to diffract the x-rays and an ionization chamber for detection of the x-rays. Since the spacing of the crystal planes in calcite is known, the angle of diffraction gives an accurate measure of the wavelength. Examination of the Compton scattering formula shows that the scattered wavelength depends upon the angle of scattering and also the mass of the scattered. For scattering from stationary electrons, the formula gives a wavelength of 0.0733 nm for scattering at 90 degrees. That is consistent with the right-hand peak in the illustration above. The peak which is near the original x-ray wavelength is considered to be scattering off inner electrons in the carbon atoms which are more tightly bound to the carbon nucleus. This causes the entire atom to recoil from the x-ray photon, and the larger effective scattering mass proportionally reduces the wavelength shift of the scattered photons. Putting the entire carbon nuclear mass into the scattering equation yields a wavelength shift almost 22,000 times smaller than that for an unbound electron, so those scattered photons are not seen to be shifted. The scattering of photons from charged particles is called Compton scattering after Arthur Compton who was the first to measure photon-electron scattering in 1922. When the incoming photon gives part of its energy to the electron, then the scattered photon has lower energy and according to the2.html#c3Planck relationshiphas lower frequency and longer wavelength. The wavelength change in such scattering depends only upon the angle of scattering for a given target particle. The constant in the Compton formula above can be written and is called the Compton wavelength for the electron. The formula presumes that the scattering occurs in the rest frame of the electron Compton scattering occurs when the incident x-ray photon is deflected from its original path by an interaction with an electron. The electron is ejected from its orbital position and the x-ray photon loses energy because of the interaction but continues to travel through the material along an altered path. Energy and momentum are conserved in this process. The energy shift depends on the angle of scattering and not on the nature of the scattering medium. Since the scattered x-ray photon has less energy, it has a longer wavelength and less penetrating than the incident photon. Compton Effect was first observed by Arthur Compton in 1923 and this discovery led to his award of the 1927 Nobel Prize in Physics. The discovery is important because it demonstrates that light cannot be explained purely as a wave phenomenon. Comptons work convinced the scientific community that light can behave as a stream of particles (photons) whose energy is proportional to the frequency. The change in wavelength of the scattered photon is given by: Where: L = wavelength of incident x-ray photon l = wavelength of scattered x-ray photon H = Plancks Constant: The fundamental constant equal to the ratio of the energy E of a quantum of energy to its frequency v: E=hv. me = the mass of an electron at rest C = the speed of light Q = The scattering angle of the scattered photon The applet below demonstrates Compton scattering as calculated with the Klein-Nishina formula, which provides an accurate prediction of the angular distribution of x-rays and gamma-rays that are incident upon a single electron. Before this formula was derived, the electron cross section had been classically derived by the British physicist and discoverer of the electron, J.J. Thomson. However, scattering experiments showed significant deviations from the results predicted by Thomsons model. The Klein-Nishina formula incorporates the Breit-Dirac recoil factor, R, also known as radiation pressure. The formula also corrects for relativistic quantum mechanics and takes into account the interaction of the spin and magnetic moment of the electron with electromagnetic radiation.Quantum mechanics isa system of mechanics based on quantum theory to provide a consistent explanation of both electromagnetic wave and atomic structure. The applet shows that when a photon of a given energy hits an atom, it is sometimes reflected in a different direction. At the same time, it loses energy to an electron that is ejected from the atom. Theta is the angle between the scattered photon direction and the path of the incident photon. Phi is the angle between the scattered electron direction and the path of the incident photon. Derivation of the scattering formula A photonÃŽÂ ³with wavelengthÃŽÂ »is directed at an electronein an atom, which is at rest. The collision causes the electron to recoil, and a new photonÃŽÂ ³Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²with wavelengthÃŽÂ »Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²emerges at angleÃŽÂ ¸. Leteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²denote the electron after the collision. From theconservation of energy, Compton postulated that photons carry momentum;-9-2[3]thus from theconservation of momentum, the momenta of the particles should be related by Assuming the initial momentum of the electron is zero. The photon energies are related to the frequencies by Wherehis thePlanck constant. From therelativistic energy-momentum relation, the electron energies are Along with the conservation of energy, these relations imply that Then From the conservation of momentum, Then by making use of thescalar product, Thus The relation between the frequency and the momentum of a photon ispc=hf, so Now equating 1 and 2, Then dividing both sides by 2hffà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²mec, SincefÃŽÂ »=fà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²=c, Detector characteristics Even large Compton-scatter telescopes have relatively small effective areas. This is because only a small number of the incident gamma-rays actually Compton scatter in the top level. So even if an instrument like COMPTEL has a geometric area of several thousand cm2, the effective area (weighted for the probability of an interaction) is a few tens of cm2. Energy resolution is fairly good for these detectors, typically 5-10% This is limited by uncertainties in the measurements of the energy deposited in each layer. Compton scatter telescopes have wide fields-of-view and can form imageseven though the so-called point spread function (the probability that an event came from a certain area on the sky) is a ring. Applications Compton scattering is of prime importance toradiobiology, as it is the most probable interaction of gamma rays and high energy X rays with atoms in living beings and is applied inradiation therapy.3[4] In material physics, Compton scattering can be used to probe thewave functionof the electrons in matter in the momentum representation. Compton scattering is an important effect ingamma spectroscopywhich gives rise to theCompton edge, as it is possible for the gamma rays to scatter out of the detectors used.Compton suppression is used to detect stray scatter gamma rays to counteract this effect. Inverse Compton scattering Inverse Compton scattering is important inastrophysics. InX-ray astronomy, theaccretion disksurrounding ablack holeis believed to produce a thermal spectrum. The lower energy photons produced from this spectrum are scattered to higher energies by relativistic electrons in the surroundingcorona. This is believed to cause the power law component in the X-ray spectra (0.2-10 keV) of accreting black holes. The effect is also observed when photons from thecosmic microwave backgroundmove through the hot gas surrounding agalaxy cluster. The CMB photons are scattered to higher energies by the electrons in this gas, resulting in theSunyaev-ZelHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunyaev-Zeldovich_effectHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunyaev-Zeldovich_effectdovich effect. Observations of the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect provide a nearly redshift-independent means of detecting galaxy clusters. Some synchrotron radiation facilities scatter laser light off the stored electron beam. This Compton backscattering produces high energy photons in the MeV to GeV rangesubsequently used for nuclear physics experiments. Future developments Current research on Compton telescopes is emphasizing ways of tracking the scattered electron. By measuring the direction of the scattered electron in the top level, a complete solution for the incoming trajectory of the cosmic gamma-ray can be found. This would allow Compton telescopes to have more conventional data analysis approaches since the event circle would no longer exist.

The Integration of Cognitive and Behavior Therapy Essay -- Psychology

My personal theoretical orientation to counseling is Cognitive-Behavioral therapy. Cognitive-Behavioral therapy helps the client to uncover and alter distortions of thought or perceptions which may be causing or prolonging psychological distress. The theoretical foundations of CBT are essentially those of the behavioral and cognitive approaches. CBT leads to a clear, persuasive, and evidence-based description of how normal and abnormal behavior develops and changes (Kramer 293). The term â€Å"cognitive-behavioral therapy† or CBT is a term for therapies with many similarities. CBT is not used as a cure and often times used to help with anxiety or depression the most, and may be single or in group settings. There are several approaches to this form of therapy which include, Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy, Rational Behavior Therapy, Rational Living Therapy, Cognitive Therapy, and Dialectic Behavior Therapy. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is based on the idea that our thoughts cause our feelings and behaviors. External things, like people, situations, and events do not. The greatest benefit of this fact is that we can change the way we think, feel, act, and even more so if the situation does not change. In the development of methods of CBT, findings from basic research on the key concepts have been blended with cognitive theories. The most important of these findings are the following: The first is depressive behavior, including low energy, lack of interest, helplessness, and other reductions in psychomotor activity, can be successfully modified with behavioral techniques. The second one is exposure therapy and related methods are particularly effective interventions for many disorders. The last one is that behavioral interventions c... .... "An Introduction to Cognitive Therapy & Cognitive Behavioral Approaches." Counselling Resource. Counselling Resource, 02 Nov 2010. Web. 1 Dec 2010. http://counsellingresource.com/types/cognitive-therapy/index.html. Pucci, Aldo. "Techniques/Methods." What is Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy? 2010: 1. Web. 27 Nov 2010. . Pucci, Aldo. "Therapeutic Relationship." What is Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy? 2010: 1. Web. 27 Nov 2010. . Rubarth, Scott. "Stoic Philosophy of Mind." IEP, 2005. Web. . Unknown, Author. "CBT Techniques I." CUNY Edu., 2010. Web. 1 Dec 2010. . Wright, Jesse H. "Cognitive Behavior Therapy: Basic Principles and Recent Advances.† American Psychiatric Association. IV.2 (2006): 6. Print.

Communication Methods Essay

There are many groups, which the organisation must communicate with such as internal groups and external groups. A type of communication that may take place would be an oral communication. There are many advantages and disadvantages, an advantage would be that oral communication tends to be faster than written forms this allows interpretation and further discussion. A disadvantage would have to be that it lacks the permanent nature of written communication this means it cannot be stored and referred to later. Oral communication includes a face-to-face meeting like interviews. An advantage of this would be that that it’s quick and saves time than writing out forums. A disadvantage would be oral communication depends on the person listening skills. If the listener is not proactive, the communication exercise fails. Oral communication also includes formal meetings; most face-to-face communication is very structured. Most business meetings are often formal and follow a set agenda. Meetings may have a chairman who decides what will be discussed and who will talk. Often a specific person will introduce a point on the agenda. An advantage is that everyone will know what is going to be discussed in advance. A disadvantage is that formal meetings take time to organise. Another oral communication is interviews were there is a formal question and answer session. They can take place in many different situations. They may be used when applying for jobs. Interviews are normally face-to-face communication. Advantage is both sides can ask questions and detailed questions can be asked. A disadvantage is that information given is not always truthful and interviews sometimes do not always show if the applicant can do the job. Another type of communication would have to be a written communication. An advantage of this type of communication would have to be that it would provide ready records and references. Another advantage would be that it is a permanent mean of communicati on. A disadvantage would be there would be too much paper work and e-mails involved and written communication does not save upon the costs. Written communication includes writing letters, and handing out notices, this includes reports. One type of written communication is letters; this is a very formal way of communication. Advantages of this would be that they are confidential, and provide a hard copy. Disadvantages of this would be that it takes time to write letters and takes time for them to arrive and  for replies to be received. Another type would be a memorandum this type of written communication is a simple note from one person to another. In business it is often written in a formalised way. It will be used when someone wishes to send quick messages to one or more people. Advantages would be that they are very quick to write and send and can also be kept as a record. Disadvantage would be people that is not intended for and cannot be useful for long or complicated information could read it. Another type is notice; these are used when a message needs to be sent to a number of people. Notices are formal, most times they are informal. They give information about social events. An advantage is that everyone can see the message, and many people can receive it at the same time. A disadvantage would be it is not confidential and most people may not bother to read it. Records are used to give information about something that has been researched or investigated. They are used in different situations. An advantage would be the formal way of presenting reports means that the reader can easily follow the points being made. Disadvantage would be that they take a long time to research and write. One last type of communication would be electronic communication. This kind of communication could lead to quite a few problems; such as the system could be hacked into therefore important information would be lost this would be a disadvantage. There are advantages of this kind of communication they are simple to use and more and more people are beginning to use the e-mailing system etc. E-mails are the process of using computer networks as a postal system. Data is created on one computer and then is transmitted. An advantage is it can be used to send a wide variety of types of message. A disadvantage is that the sender and receiver must have computers and software that is compatible. Public address is a system that uses microphones and electronically systems to warn about fires. An advantage would be staff could usually hear the message wherever they are in the building. A disadvantage is that if they are used to often staff will stop paying attention. Telephones have been used in business for internal communication. An advantage of this would be that the communication is very quick and telephones allow people to talk to each other. A disadvantage of this would be there is no written record, although telephone conversation  can be record. Another disadvantage would be cost of mobile phones are very high. Fax machine converts pictures and text into electronic pulses which are then transmitted by telephone to another fax machine. Fax machines are less popular because emails can be used instead. An advantage of this would be communication is quick and documents can be sent and received. A disadvantage is it is slower compared to emails. Tele-conferencing is when large business operates on different sites around the country. It’s difficult to get together so they make video calls; this allows them to talk to each other. An advantage would be its much quicker and usually cheaper than bringing people together. An disadvantage wo uld be that these systems are expensive to set up, meeting are more difficult to control because people are in different places.

Best Friend Comparison

Many people have two best friends that are similar and different in many ways. These similarities are usually in age, attitude, and interests; on the other hand, some of the differences between these two friends can include height, beliefs, goals, ethnicities, cultures, and much more. Some people may not find any similarities or differences in their best friends, and others may find many similarities and differences in their friends.However, I find three distinct similarities and three differences within these similarities between my two best friends Daniella and Ashley, which allows me to see that despite these similarities and differences, they are still my best friends. Both Daniella and Ashley have boyfriends, but both boys are treated differently. Daniella and Ashley both live with their mom, but one house is cleaner then the other. Finally, Daniella and Ashley are both very smart, but one applies this smartness more then the other.My two best friends, Daniella and Ashley have b oyfriend. They both have been in their relationships for about 3 years, and they both met their boyfriends in freshman year of high school. Despite the similarity of both having boyfriends for the same amount of time, they treat their boyfriends differently. Daniella treats every moment with her boyfriend as if it were their last moment together. For example, every weekend, she picks her boyfriend up for a date. On the other hand, Ashley takes her boyfriend for granted.For instance, every other weekend, Ashley's boyfriend will pay for dinner and they never go on any dates. Both of my friends have boy friends, but Daniella treats her boyfriend with more respect than Ashley. In addition, Daniella and Ashley live with both their mom in a house. Daniella and Ashley both live in the same neighborhood as me. However, Daniella keeps her house immaculate. Her house is always clean and everything is in order. For example, her carpets always look brand new. Her bathroom is spotless, and her k itchen has everything organized, with the dishes always put away.Ashley's house looks like a tornado ran through it. Ashley's house is always a disaster. For instance, Ashley always has clothes all over the place and shoes everywhere. Her bathroom is completely disgusting. Her kitchen has filthy dishes all over the place and food on the floor. Her place also smells, unlike Daniella's house. Both of my friends live with both their mom in a house, but Daniella clearly knows how to maintain her home, while Ashley either does not care or does not know how to keep a clean home.Finally, both of my best friends, Daniella and Ashley, are extremely smart. Both of them speak very well and read lots of books daily. Daniella and Ashley usually get through the same book in the same amount of time, which is a 200-300 page book every four to five days. Both of my friends know how to discuss the text and analyze it. However, Daniella applies this talent to her schooling and future goal of becoming an Athletic Director, while Ashley does not apply herself at all. Daniella goes to all her classes and passes them with straight A's and B's.On the other hand, Ashley still, after many years, goes to school, but usually has to repeat her courses because she does not go to class regularly, and she is lazy to do the work. If Ashley did apply himself, I believe she would be the same to Daniella and also doing well in school. Either way, both are smart, but one applies herself, while the other does not. In conclusion, my two best friends Daniella and Ashley share many similarities, but within these similarities, they are both different.Both Daniella and Ashley have boyfriends, live with their mom in a house, and they both are very smart. However, Daniella treats her boyfriend with respect and takes him on dates every weekend, while Ashley never checks in with her boyfriend or buys him gifts or go on dates. Daniella's house is very clean and has everything in order. Her dishes are always clean, and her carpets are spotless, while Ashley's house is disgusting. Her bathroom is filthy, and her dishes are always dirty.Ashley also always has clothes all over her floor as well as shoes throwed everywhere. Finally, Daniella and Ashley are very smart and read a lot, but Daniella applies her smartness to school and future, while Ashley fails to discipline herself to move on with school. Either way, my two best friends may have similarities that differ in many and various ways, but one similarity that has no differences is that they are my best friends, and I care about them equally.